Skill Learning Paths

65 AI/ML skills mapped with prerequisites, time-to-proficiency, resources and pitfalls. Pick a skill to see how to learn it.

The machine learning skills the market rewards are mapped here one by one: 65 AI skills across four categories — foundation, core ML, application and specialized — each with its prerequisite chain, difficulty rating and estimated hours to basic, proficient and advanced. Pick any skill to see the order to learn it in, and which roles actually require it.

Each skill detail lists curated resources with hour estimates, practice projects and the common pitfalls that stall learners, so the plan is executable rather than aspirational. A China section adds domestic skill demand, salary premiums and the PyTorch-vs-PaddlePaddle framework split for that market. Pair this with the learning path planner to sequence skills against a target role.

Explore: ML skills you need · Learning path planner · Subfield tracks

NumPy

Beginner
NumPy
13h
To basic
40h
To proficient
72h
To advanced

Learning path

Beginner

Understand basic concepts, follow tutorials

Intermediate

Build 2-3 projects, read documentation

Advanced

Contribute to open source, optimize performance

Resources

  • NumPy FundamentalscourseCoursera20h
  • Learning NumPybook30h
  • LeetCode/HackerRankpractice50h

Practice projects

  • Beginner: Simple NumPy project
  • Intermediate: Full-stack NumPy application
  • Advanced: Production-grade NumPy system

Common pitfalls

  • !Not practicing enough NumPy concepts
  • !Skipping fundamentals in NumPy
  • !Not building real projects with NumPy

🇨🇳 AI skill demand in China

Hot skills & salary premiums, framework share (PyTorch vs PaddlePaddle), domestic tools and regional demand.

Hot Skills

Skill: 大模型(LLM)
Yoy Growth: 2.5
Demand Score: 95
Job Postings: 8000

Top Companies

  • 字节跳动
  • 智谱AI
  • 月之暗面
  • 百度
Avg Salary Cny: 650000

Related Skills

  • PyTorch
  • Transformer
  • Prompt Engineering
Salary Premium: 0.35

Learning Resources Cn

  • 李沐动手学深度学习
  • 清华大模型公开课
  • Hugging Face中文社区
Skill: PyTorch
Prevalence: 0.75
Demand Score: 90
Job Postings: 12000
Vs Tensorflow: 中国市场PyTorch占比更高
Avg Salary Cny: 480000
Salary Premium: 0.2
Note: 百度系公司必备
Skill: PaddlePaddle
Demand Score: 60
Job Postings: 2000

Top Companies

  • 百度
  • 小米
Salary Premium: 0.1

Learning Resources Cn

  • 飞桨官方文档
  • 百度AI Studio
Note: 华为系公司
Skill: MindSpore
Demand Score: 45
Job Postings: 800

Top Companies

  • 华为
Salary Premium: 0.12

Learning Resources Cn

  • 昇思MindSpore官网
Skill: 计算机视觉(CV)
Demand Score: 85
Job Postings: 10000

Top Companies

  • 商汤
  • 旷视
  • 海康威视
  • 小鹏
Avg Salary Cny: 450000
Salary Premium: 0.18

Specializations

  • 人脸识别
  • 目标检测
  • OCR
  • 自动驾驶
Skill: 自然语言处理(NLP)

Hot Areas

  • 对话系统
  • 文本生成
  • 机器翻译
  • 知识图谱
Demand Score: 88
Job Postings: 9000
Avg Salary Cny: 520000
Salary Premium: 0.22
Note: 互联网大厂核心竞争力
Skill: 推荐系统
Demand Score: 82
Job Postings: 6000

Top Companies

  • 字节跳动
  • 阿里巴巴
  • 美团
  • 快手
Avg Salary Cny: 550000
Salary Premium: 0.25
Skill: 自动驾驶
Demand Score: 75
Job Postings: 4000

Top Companies

  • 百度Apollo
  • 小鹏
  • 蔚来
  • 理想
Avg Salary Cny: 580000
Salary Premium: 0.28

Specializations

  • 感知
  • 决策规划
  • 仿真
Note: 新兴岗位,门槛相对较低
Skill: Prompt Engineering
Yoy Growth: 5
Demand Score: 70
Job Postings: 3000
Avg Salary Cny: 350000
Salary Premium: 0.15
Skill: RAG(检索增强生成)
Yoy Growth: 3
Demand Score: 65
Job Postings: 2500
Avg Salary Cny: 480000

Related Skills

  • 向量数据库
  • Embedding
  • LangChain
Salary Premium: 0.18
Skill: 模型部署优化
Demand Score: 68
Job Postings: 3500
Avg Salary Cny: 420000

Related Skills

  • ONNX
  • TensorRT
  • 量化
  • 剪枝
Salary Premium: 0.16
Skill: MLOps
Demand Score: 72
Job Postings: 4500
Avg Salary Cny: 480000

Related Skills

  • Kubernetes
  • Docker
  • CI/CD
  • 监控
Salary Premium: 0.2
Skill: 强化学习

Applications

  • 游戏AI
  • 推荐系统
  • 自动驾驶
Demand Score: 55
Job Postings: 1500

Top Companies

  • 腾讯游戏
  • 字节跳动
Avg Salary Cny: 520000
Salary Premium: 0.22
Note: 金融、医疗领域需求
Skill: 联邦学习
Demand Score: 50
Job Postings: 1000

Top Companies

  • 第四范式
  • 微众银行
Avg Salary Cny: 480000
Salary Premium: 0.18
Skill: AIGC(文生图/视频)

Hot Areas

  • Stable Diffusion
  • 文生视频
  • 数字人
Yoy Growth: 4
Demand Score: 78
Job Postings: 3500

Top Companies

  • 快手可灵
  • 商汤日日新
Avg Salary Cny: 620000
Salary Premium: 0.3

Skill Learning Time

Skill: Python基础
Weeks: 4
Difficulty:

Prerequisites

Skill: 机器学习基础
Weeks: 8
Difficulty:

Prerequisites

  • Python
  • 线性代数
  • 概率统计
Skill: 深度学习
Weeks: 12
Difficulty: 中-难

Prerequisites

  • 机器学习
  • PyTorch/TensorFlow
Skill: 大模型应用
Weeks: 6
Difficulty:

Prerequisites

  • Python
  • API调用
Skill: 大模型训练
Weeks: 20
Difficulty:

Prerequisites

  • 深度学习
  • 分布式训练
  • 高性能计算
Skill: 计算机视觉
Weeks: 16
Difficulty: 中-难

Prerequisites

  • 深度学习
  • 图像处理
Skill: 自然语言处理
Weeks: 16
Difficulty: 中-难

Prerequisites

  • 深度学习
  • 语言学基础

Framework Comparison

Note: PyTorch在中国占据绝对主导,国产框架主要在对应公司内使用

China Market Share

Others: 0.02
Py Torch: 0.65
Mind Spore: 0.03
Tensor Flow: 0.2
Paddle Paddle: 0.1

Regional Skill Demand

上海

  • 计算机视觉
  • 金融AI
  • 多模态

北京

  • 大模型
  • NLP
  • 推荐系统

广州

  • 自动驾驶
  • 制造业AI

杭州

  • 推荐系统
  • 电商AI
  • 安防AI

深圳

  • 硬件加速
  • 边缘AI
  • 自动驾驶

Job Requirements Trend

2024 Top Skills

  • Python
  • PyTorch
  • 机器学习
  • 深度学习
  • 计算机视觉

2026 Top Skills

  • 大模型(LLM)
  • PyTorch
  • Prompt Engineering
  • RAG
  • AIGC

Emerging Skills

  • 多模态
  • Agent开发
  • 向量数据库
  • 模型量化
  • AI安全

Declining Skills

  • 传统机器学习算法(孤立使用)
  • Caffe
  • Theano

Salary By Skill Combination

Job Count: 2000
Combination: 大模型 + PyTorch + 分布式训练
Avg Salary Cny: 750000
Job Count: 3000
Combination: 推荐系统 + 大数据 + Spark
Avg Salary Cny: 620000
Job Count: 1500
Combination: 计算机视觉 + 自动驾驶 + ROS
Avg Salary Cny: 680000
Job Count: 2500
Combination: NLP + LLM + RAG
Avg Salary Cny: 700000
Job Count: 2000
Combination: MLOps + Kubernetes + 云平台
Avg Salary Cny: 550000

Chinese Vs International Tools

Cloud

Note: 中国云服务基本不使用国际云

China

  • 阿里云
  • 腾讯云
  • 华为云
  • 百度云

International

  • AWS
  • GCP
  • Azure

Framework

Note: 国产框架主要在国内特定公司使用,国际框架占主导

China

  • PaddlePaddle
  • MindSpore
  • OneFlow

International

  • PyTorch
  • TensorFlow
  • JAX

Llm Platforms

Note: 中国LLM生态独立发展

China

  • 文心一言
  • 通义千问
  • 智谱GLM
  • 豆包

International

  • OpenAI API
  • Claude
  • Gemini